Seal Selection Guide: Which Material Is the Right Choice?

26 May.,2025

 

Seal Selection Guide: Which Material Is the Right Choice?

Buna, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and Viton are all similar seal materials, but what makes them different? Choosing the right elastomer or polymer material is important for several reasons. While it may not seem like a major decision, the material chosen determines the quality, life span and performance of an application. From snapping to peeling to breaking, a seal material that is a poor fit for an application can lead to many issues down the road. Seal material has a long-term effect on an application’s capabilities.

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What Does High Elasticity Mean?

The term high elasticity is known as the ability of an object to return to its shape once it no longer is attached to its source of stress. Rubber compounds represent a wide collection of materials—known as elastomers—which includes base elastomer, vulcanization agents, fillers and plasticizers, with their main feature being high elasticity. Therefore, rubber is widely considered the best seal material. Questions to consider when selecting the seal material for an application include:

  • Will this application be exposed to water, oil, gas, harsh chemicals or other materials?
  • What are the minimum and maximum temperature resistances?
  • What is the required compression strength?
  • Will this application be exposed to sunlight for hours at a time?

Whether you are choosing Buna (Nitrile), EPDM or Viton, it is important to compare and consider all key features and benefits.

Buna

When it comes down to abrasive, water and oil resistant and super-strength properties, Buna is a cost-effective elastomer. Buna, also referred to as Nitrile rubber, is commonly known as the industry’s most economical seal material. Buna is well known for its mechanical performance and is a top performer when it comes down to oil-based, petrochemical and chemical applications. The more Nitrile in a polymer means a higher resistance to chemicals, acids and other oils. Buna is widely used in the industry for crude oil, water, various alcohol, silicone grease and hydraulic fluid applications due to its inflexibility.

Buna is comprised of synthetic rubber copolymer that performs well in applications requiring metal adhesion and abrasion-resistant material. This chemical background makes it ideal for sealant applications. Designed with poor acid and mild alkali resistance, Buna can also withstand low temperatures. Buna is limited in extreme factors such as high temperatures, weather, sunlight and steam resistance applications. It is also not suitable with clean-in-place (CIP) sanitizing agents containing acids and peroxides, such as OXONIA.

Key advantages of Buna include:

  • affordable
  • strong and sturdy elongation
  • good for oil and water resistance
  • low compression set
  • high abrasion resistance
  • heavy duty strength
  • wide range in temperature resistance

Disadvantages of Nitrile rubber include:

  • limited extreme temperature resistance
  • poor flame resistance
  • not suitable for hydraulic liquids, brake fluids, ketones and acetates
  • limited sunlight, weather and ozone resistance

Key applications for Nitrile rubber in the valve industry:

  • sealants
  • O-rings
  • molded products

EPDM

When considering flexibility, strength, weather resistance and the ability to withstand extreme conditions, EPDM is a good option. EPDM is a type of synthetic rubber and a commonly used elastomeric material for automotive, construction and mechanical applications. More expensive than Buna, it can withstand a variety of thermal, weather and mechanical properties because of its long-lasting high tensile strength. It is ideal for applications involving water, chlorine, bleach and other alkaline materials. From waterproofing to HVAC, EPDM is used for a variety of applications because of its resistance to weathering, ozone and deionized water.

With elastic and adhesive properties, once stretched, EPDM returns to its original shape regardless of the temperature. EPDM is not recommended for petroleum oil, fluids, chlorinated hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon solvent applications.

Key advantages of EPDM include:

  • wide operational temperature range
  • suitable for extreme environments and cold materials
  • ozone and sunlight resistant
  • good compression set
  • tear, abrasion and steam resistance
  • high tolerance to sodium hydroxide solutions, diluted acids, ketones and alkalis
  • versatile in applications such as HVAC

Disadvantages of EPDM include:

  • easy to damage
  • poor resistance to petroleum-based fuels
  • difficult to adhere to
  • incompatible with certain oils or acids

EPDM is used across a wide range of industrial applications, including:

  • seals and O-rings
  • tubing
  • washers

Viton

Viton is the more expensive option, but it is a solution for applications exposed to extreme weather, ozone and chemical degradation. Viton is a long-lasting, high-performance, fluorinated, hydrocarbon rubber product most commonly used in O-Rings and seals. Resistant to ozone, oxidation and extreme weather conditions, including materials such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated fluids and strong acid materials, Viton is one of the more robust fluoroelastomers. Designed to withstand extreme temperatures, Viton seals are the preferred option for the most challenging and demanding sealing needs.

Viton can provide support for a broad range of substances and features and has resistance to high temperatures and resilience capabilities.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Oil Seal Material. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

Key advantages of Viton include:

  • powerful when under pressure
  • high-temperature performance
  • compatible with chemicals and acids
  • retains flexibility and elasticity in high-pressure applications
  • excellent for sterilization
  • high-heat resistance
  • absorbs fluids quickly and efficiently
  • longer life span
  • environmentally-friendly

Disadvantages of Viton include:

  • more expensive than Nitrile
  • incompatible with ketones
  • not as effective in lower temperatures

Reliable material for:

  • O-Ring applications
  • pumps and valves
  • seal leaks

Choosing the correct polymer is important. While all seal materials are similar, each polymer serves a variety of purposes to meet any specific need.

Oil Seals 101 - Part 1 | Global O-Ring and Seal

What is an Oil Seal?

Oil seals, also referred to as shaft seals, are widely used to prevent the leakage of medium (such as oils and grease) along a rotating shaft. This leak prevention is primarily achieved by the sealing element which can be made from a wide range of materials that are chosen according to each application. They are commonly used in gearboxes, hydraulic cylinders, and related components.

Purpose of an Oil Seal

An oil seal is designed to perform three major functions: to prevent lubricants from leaking outside the seal even under high pressure, to act as a barrier to retain the lubricating oil, and to prevent dirt and other contaminants from entering the unit.

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Construction of an Oil Seal

Oil seals normally consist of three basic components: the sealing element, the metal case, and garter spring.

1. Sealing Element

The sealing element makes up the interior of the oil seal, and the materials commonly used are:

  • a. Nitrile Rubber (NBR) – this is the most commonly used material. It has good heat resistance properties and has good resistance to salt solutions, oils, hydraulic oils, and gasoline. Operating temperatures are recommended from -40 to 248⁰ F (-40 to 120 deg.C). Nitrile also functions well in a dry environment, but only for intermittent periods. The disadvantage of this material is poor chemical resistance.
  • b. Polyacrylate Rubber (PA) – also known as acrylic rubber, this material has better heat resistance than nitrile. PA is also recommended for a high surface speed environment. Operation temperatures are recommended from -4 to 302⁰ F (-20 to 150⁰ C). Polyacrylate rubber should not be used with water or in temperature below -4⁰ F (20⁰ C).
  • c. Silicone Rubber (SI) – these compounds operate effectively in a broad temperature range of -58⁰ F to 356⁰ F (-50 to 180⁰ C). Silicone rubber is a leading choice for its resistance to both low temperatures and heat. The high lubricant absorbency of the material minimizes friction and wear. These oil seals are usually used as crankshaft seals. Silicone has poor resistance to hydrolysis and should not be used in oxidized or hypoid oils.
  • d. Fluorocarbon Rubber (FKM) – is widely known under the Chemours (formerly Dupont™) trade name of Viton® and offers the best resistance to chemicals and superior performance to high temperatures.

2. Metal Case

The metal case is the exterior (or frame) of the oil seal, the principal function of which is to give rigidity and strength to the seal. The material of the case must be selected depending on the environment where the seals are to be used. Often the metal case is covered by the same rubber material used in the sealing element, which also helps seal the exterior of the oil seal in the housing bore. Common case material types are:

  • a. Carbon Steel – the most common material used in oil seals.
  • b. Stainless Steel – for applications that require resistance to water, chemicals, or corrosion. (Stainless steel metal cases are also recommended for many FDA applications.)

3. Garter Spring

The garter spring is located at the end of the primary sealing lip and used to apply pressure to the sealing lip against the shaft. Common garter spring material types are:

  • a. Carbon Steel – which is used in conjunction with regular lubricants.
  • b. Stainless Steel – which is used when resistance to water, seawater, and chemicals are involved.

Oil Seals From Global O-Ring and Seal

Global O-Ring and Seal carries a full line of oil seals in all industry standard sizes and has the ability to create custom oil seals. If you are a distributor or user of oil seals who may have need for our services, contact us today to speak with one of our team members, request a no-obligation quote, or place an order from our extensive inventory at GlobalOring.com.

Are you interested in learning more about rubber oil seal? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!

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